PSG has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired two times late to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.